Linux System Information Commands
1.Linux のシステムハードウェア情報
CPU
$ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 23 Stepping: 10 CPU MHz: 1998.000 BogoMIPS: 5302.48 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 2048K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
メモリー
$ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3973736 kB MemFree: 431064 kB Buffers: 46604 kB Cached: 494648 kB SwapCached: 11360 kB Active: 2322760 kB Inactive: 933028 kB Active(anon): 2057952 kB Inactive(anon): 679956 kB Active(file): 264808 kB Inactive(file): 253072 kB Unevictable: 16 kB Mlocked: 16 kB SwapTotal: 4096568 kB SwapFree: 3961748 kB Dirty: 236 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 2704520 kB Mapped: 182240 kB Shmem: 23372 kB Slab: 93848 kB SReclaimable: 52044 kB SUnreclaim: 41804 kB KernelStack: 5064 kB PageTables: 64928 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 6083436 kB Committed_AS: 7327800 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 321156 kB VmallocChunk: 34359411708 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 225280 kB DirectMap2M: 3895296 kB
lshw, hwinfo コマンドをインストール(apt-get, yum等)すると容易にハードウェア情報を表示できます。
$ lshw -short H/W path Device Class Description =================================================== system () /0 bus DG35EC /0/0 processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz /0/0/1 memory 2MiB L2 cache /0/0/3 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/2 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/4 memory 64KiB BIOS /0/14 memory 8GiB System Memory /0/14/0 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns) /0/14/1 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns) /0/14/2 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns) /0/14/3 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns) /0/100 bridge 82G35 Express DRAM Controller ... $ hwinfo --short cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz keyboard: /dev/input/event2 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard mouse: /dev/input/mice Microsoft Basic Optical Mouse v2.0 graphics card: Intel 965G-1 Intel 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller sound: Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller ...
2.Linux のシステム各種情報
ディスク利用状況
$ df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 132239776 6210884 119311504 5% / tmpfs 4021876 0 4021876 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb2 30969600 117740 29278696 1% /usr/local /dev/sdc1 576310180 71232 546964104 1% /home
メモリー利用状況
$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7975 5865 2110 0 24 622 -/+ buffers/cache: 5218 2757 Swap: 1951 921 1030
カーネル情報
$ uname -a Linux ubuntu 2.6.28-11-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 17 01:58:03 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux
3.管理コマンド
稼働時間や CPU利用率を確認(uptime)
# uptime 08:16:43 up 17 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.26
利用(ログイン)中のユーザーを表示(w)
# w 08:17:34 up 31 min, 3 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.07 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT lime pts/0 192.168.1.3 07:59 0.00s 0.29s 0.09s w potate pts/1 192.168.1.102 14:10 3:24m 2.15s 0.00s -bash rose pts/2 192.168.1.15 14:52 13:07 0.41s 0.02s vi /etc/group
サービスの再起動(service)
# service httpd restart または # /etc/init.d/httpd httpd restart
プロセスの確認(ps)
# ps aux PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? S 0:03 init 2 ? SW 0:00 [keventd] 3 ? SW 0:00 [kapmd] 4 ? SWN 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] 7 ? SW 0:00 [bdflush] 5 ? SW 0:00 [kswapd] ... 870 tty2 S 0:00 /sbin/mingetty tty2 871 tty3 S 0:00 /sbin/mingetty tty3 997 tty1 S 0:00 /sbin/mingetty tty1 1000 ? S 0:00 sshd: rose [priv] 1002 ? S 0:00 sshd: rose@pts/0 1003 pts/0 S 0:00 -bash 1036 pts/0 R 0:00 ps ax ...
プロセスを終了させる(kill -KILL, kill -9)
# ps ax | grep firefox 2446 ? Sl 9:03 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 2831 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep firefox # kill -9 2446
kill コマンドがプロセスに送れるシグナルの一覧
# kill -l 1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP 6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1 11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM
swapをファイルで拡張(mkswap)
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=524288 # mkswap /swapfile # chown root:root /swapfile # chmod 0600 /swapfile # swapon /swapfile # vi /etc/fstab /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
※ 512MB の空ファイルを作って swap に利用する